United States History Essay Example for Free

united States History Essay1. Compargon and contrast the U.S. experiences in instauration War I and macrocosm War II.War gravel become an inevitable part of the United States History. So far, the U.S. have engaged in many wars dating back to the civil war to the present Iraq war. However, it was in the First and Second World Wars that the U.S. had a major participation that resulted in the restoration of placidity and order all over the globe.During World War I, the U. S. held a neutral stand for quite a long period during the early 1900s. At first, World War I was perceived by many Americans as a European conflict but when they realized that their economy and even the lives of some Americans were organism adversely affected, they gradually shifted to a warring mode. At that cadence, U.S. economy was largely dep give the sackent on overseas trading but when the war broke out, it dramatically halted economic trading because they were no longer able to sell goods to other co untries particularly to Britain and Germany.This event negatively influenced the economy of the United States. More so, the Americans became more foment when the Germans attacked passenger ships that led to the death of numerous prominent Americans. However, it was the alliance between Mexico and Germany that triggered U.S. to be rankly involved in the war because it imposed an imminent threat since Mexico was geographically close to American soil (Hardgrove United States Involvement in WWI).On the other hand, the U.S. participation to World War II had some similarities with their link during First World War. In both wars, U.S. started with a neutral stance but the intensity of their involvement in World War II was heightened because of the direct attack at Pearl Harbor. The entire period of WWI, U.S. was only at the sidelines that was carried on to the early part of WWII. At first, Americans aid was mostly confined at providing supplies to the allied forces through the Lend-Leas e Act. But when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and Germany and Italy declared war against the Americans, U.S. launched a massive offensive alongside with the British and Russians in Europe and Asia (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia War comes to the United States).Clearly, U.S. involvement during World War II was more prevalent than in the First World War. Americans dog-tired all their human and material resources during WWII to the point that it resulted to millions of casualties and thousands of deaths (Digital History Learn About World War II).2. Explain how the Great impression seemed to bring the U.S. to the brink of variation and why you believe a revolution did or did not occur.The Great Depression was the time when the economy had an immense disparity between U.S. productive message and the ability of Americans to consume. At that time, the stock values at the New York Stock Exchange was at an all time low, many businesses have closed, several factories and banks have shut dow n. Also, there was a meager disposable income for an average American and the unemployment rate have catapulted ( Modern American Poetry The Depression in the United States). These were the economic consequences brought by the participation of the U.S. in WWI who became a major creditor and financier of of postwar Europe.Aside from the economic distress, depression also brought significant implications in the American political system. The presidential reign of Franklin Roosevelt allowed several modifications in the economy by increasing government regulation and massive public-works projects to facilitate rapid recovery. In injure of these initiatives, mass unemployment and economic stagnation persisted.( Modern American Poetry About the Great Depression)It seemed at this point that the Americans were already tired of waiting for the government to win bold actions in order for them to be instantaneously removed from the sinking hole of economic downfall. But the realization of th e New Deal policies which focused on mitigating the effects of the depression and the outbreak of World War II have hindered the possibility of having a revolt against the American government (Modern American Poetry The Depression in the United States).3. How did World War II led to the Cold War and how was actual warfare between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. avoided while the two powers competed?Prior to the WWII, the U.S. had illustrated the Soviet Union as an evil nation but during the war, the two became allies because of their common enemy which were the Germans. However, their alliance was filled with doubts and distrusts that became very apparent at the end of the war. Actually, Gen. Patton, an American General, expressed his desire to lead the Allied army against the Soviet Red Army. More so, many were agitate particularly Americans and British when Gen. Eisenhower, Supreme take of the Allied Command, conceded to the demand of Stalin that the Red Army would be the first to inva de Berlin.America was threatened of Stalins vast and virile Red Army, while the Russians were very sleepless of U.S. advance weapons capabilities. This relationship facilitated the emergence of the Cold War (Trueman What was the Cold War). Because of the Cold War, the world was divided into three main groups. The West which is comprised of democratic countries while the einsteinium was spearheaded by the Union which is composed of communist countries (GlobaSecurity.org Cold War).Since both nations acknowledged apiece others competencies in the field of war, they opted to have a cold war to interdict a massive catastrophe from happening. They were both afraid of each others nuclear weapons in which if used, it could destroy the whole human population. So instead of directly fighting, Russia and the U.S. agitated each other through other means much(prenominal) as by supporting conflicts in various parts of the globe and by vista up a propaganda war against each other (GlobaSecu rity.org Cold War). Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union used client states to forward their indirect war against each other. These client states are countries who fought for the the Americans and Russians on their behalf. Such as in the case of North and South Vietnam and Afghanistan. Americans supplied the anti-communist South Vietnam with weapons when they were at war with Communist North Vietnam who was on the other hand used weapons from the Soviet Union. Also,Afghan rebels were helped by the Americans when the Russian invaded their country in 1979 (Trueman What was the Cold War).4. Explain how motion pictures are documents of American culture and society.Films are useful tools in understanding a particular culture. More so, Hollywood have dominated the global industry of movie-making. It is because of their status as the most powerful country in the world that projected them to be the front runners in this field. Furthermore, since many admire the American way of life, American filmmakers used this opportunity to character the American culture through movies. From then on, numerous films were made that had an American-theme. An standard would be the movie Reality Bites. This film is about the dilemmas that most college graduates experience such as looking for work or determining their purpose in life. Also, it depicted the American modern yuppie life in an urban setting. Another example is the movie Titanic.It showed the economic disparity between the rich and the poor of the American society. Though the setting was multicultural, it focused mainly on two American characters who were dislocated in love because of their different social status. These are just few samples that depict the American culture and society. Some of the themes adapted showed the typical suburban family life, the X generation lifestyle which is defined by technological gadgets and invention of new colloquial terms and others.Also, it seems that movie goers are entertained and at t he same time educated by these American-oriented films. Most of the motion pictures produced by Hollywood utilizes American culture, society and history to impart to audiences from within and outside the U.S. the richness and distinctness of their knowledge, impost and civilization. More so, it is a subtle way of reinforcing their socio-economic and political status as a powerhouse nation.

Challange Faced by University Students Essay Example for Free

Challange Faced by University Students EssayEducation is the or so important aspect of encyclopaedism for every generation established in every mode. In university there are diffe withdraw field of studies with diffe riptide years of each program. It is obvious that rising students are going to face further challenges in university. In this case, these challenges could be the burden which can pull them out of the school without completing their studies. This essay go out discuss these challenges in condition of financial, social, and academic.To begin with, financial problems are a major challenge for university students includes tuition fee, rent expenses, and text books. Tuition fee is the most common challenge for these students. Though, for some they only take one or two units per semester because of financial problems. The high embodys of fee causes many problems for those who are non sponsored. Besides, fee expenses for each semester cost of thousands of dollars. So, tuition fee is a great burden for the unsponsored students.Furthermore, text books are the most essential property students must clear in university. First year students also suffered in buying text books regarding to financial problem. Those who are not sponsored are suffered the most on the high cost of these books. Another challenge is that some of them have not enough money in a pocket. But in this case, such challenges can create multitude of troubles in their minds throughout their time in the university. Moreover, rent is also a challenge for these students.These students might live in different hostels where some are twopenny but isolated from the campus, and some are nearby the campus but expensive. It is better to live nearby the campus for new students to avoid troubles. However, they have problem with monthly rent where it is expensive but must be cleared. Another reason is based on a small amount of their allowance which cannot meet their expenses on rent and others . However, these financial challenges make them concern the most. Another major continues.Read full essay

Four Functions of Business: Case Study of Asda and Kwik-Fit

Four Functions of Business Case Study of Asda and Kwik-FitFunctional beas of business operationIntroductionThis paper studies cardinal distinct functions of business and how they interrelate. The chosen argonas are human resources, distribution, marketing and node services.Human ResourcesThe function of human resources is to provide a emphasis and scheme for the streamlined management of business employees. Employee management is a primary task of modern corporations. If non dealt with appropriately, employees throne have an adverse effect upon the success of the business (Alan harm 2003). Employee satisfaction affects two areas of the business. For example, if an employee is happy at work it go forth examine in the client service they provide. It also service of processs promote the business, relieve the marketing and promotional material message and go over the smooth running of the distribution function.DistributionDistribution is the function by which the produc t or service is moved from the manufacturer to the remove user (P. Kolter 1991), ultimately the consumer. This throw out be represented by physical manners, much(prenominal) as transportation and storage or, in a service industry, the method by which that service is packaged and delivered. A breakdown in the distribution process affects customer services, as the business may not be sufficient to deliver the product or service required. The marketing function would be undermined, as promises made cannot be kept. Ultimately, this situation would de-motivate employees, as they are the ones receiving consumer complaints. selling good marketing and promotion is essential as a method of ensuring the message regarding products or services attracts the attention of the consumer. (George Belch 2004). The marketing function is to deliver a message that is seen, believed and remembered. A successful marketing campaign is heavily reliant upon the efficacy of other business functions. If the business cannot deliver the goods, customers ordain sojourn earshot to the promotional message. Similarly, if the employees have not received training in customer care, a marketing campaign suggesting consumer care is paramount result not be believed.Customer ServicesDelivery of customer services is probably the most crucial function. The consumer adds value to the success of the business by purchasing their product or service (Sean Kelly 2005). Therefore, every business has to build and maintain a close descent with consumers. They have to deliver what the customer needs at a forest and price that meets their requirements. In a agonistic marketplace, the correct level of customer service is essential if a business is to achieve a growth in market share.Two organisations, Asda Plc., and Kwik-Fit Insurance Services have been chosen to demonstrate how these functions work in practice.AsdaThe Asda supermarket chain is a subsidiary of the American Wal-Mart retailer, one of the UKs leading supermarket chains, with over 150,000 employees.Human ResourcesAsdas HR outline is built on the basis that every employee (All about Asda, 2006) plays a depart in reservation the business a success.To achieve employee satisfaction, retention and succession, Asda runs a programme that provides training covering every area of the business, including in-store and external processes, as thoroughly as troupe policy and customer care. The business is committed to achieving in house succession and to promote this inclination, it includes management training as part of its HR programme (See Asda Web situate fostering page).Understanding the need for employees to feel an affinity with the business, Asda encourages faculty to take an active part in work meetings, which take place in-store, regionally and nationally, where views can be expressed and discussed. The core of its HR function is to gain the best from employees by encouraging involvement with the business at all levels.DistributionAsda works virtually with suppliers to maintain efficient distribution services. This ensures levels of goods required are fed through warehousing oculuss and to individual stores in a manner that maintains consistent product availableness for customers. To allow for regional variances, the business delegates an element of the distribution decision-making process to local store management.MarketingFaced with changing consumer demands (Sean Kelly 2005), Asda now focuses its marketing and promotion on the dual aspect of quality at the responsibility price. This has enabled the business to achieve second position within the grocery industry.Customer ServicesAsda has consistently desire to improve its customer services. In addition to staff customer care training Asda has expanded the product range passim its stores. Internet shopping and intricacy of till services, including self-service options, are other areas of the business where customer service improveme nts have been introduced.Kwik-Fit Insurance ServicesKFIS is an insurance watchword centre base in Glasgow. Although it was founded with the view to concentrating on the motor industry insurance, the business has expanded into more general areas of insurance.Human ResourcesTo compete with other local call-centre operations, KFIS had to completely revise its HR dodging. This was partially achieved through improving the working environment. Like Asda it introduced training programmes to improve employee standards and encourage involvement. In addition, KFIS operates a guardian angel scheme (Jill Boulton, 2004), where existing staff act as mentors to new-fangled recruits. It also appointed a minister of fun, to organise staff social activities. The success of these footfalls has been ruminateed in business results.Distribution distant Asda, KFIS does not have a need for a physical distribution function. The distribution element here is to ensure the insurance products offered are d esigned to gybe consumer requirements. As the service KFIS offers is distributed through call centre operators, the importance of staff and producer knowledge levels is essential in distributing the correct range of products to the end user.MarketingWhilst much of its marketing is directed through Kwik-Fit auto centres, and dependent upon the quality of their service, a significant proportion of promotion is undertaken through advertising and the call centre operators. For example, when engaging with a customer an operator may attract them to other insurance products. In this business the interaction between employee and customer is an integral part of the marketing process (George Belch 2004).Customer ServicesThe customer service aspect of KFIS is more directly weded to the reaction of the employee than with Asda. In a call centre situation consumers instantly judge the services they are receiving by their perception of the operator. The operators reaction, explanation and provis ion of the most appropriate product, and efficiency of service, will determine whether the customer is satisfied and will remain loyal to the business. HR director (Keren Edwards 2006) believes that the scheme in place in the business is change to the success in terms of customer retention.ConclusionFrom the in discrepancyation within this paper it is clear that every function described is dependent upon, and influenced either positively or adversely by the others. If one function, for instance, customer services, does not perform at its most efficient, the result will affect the other functions. Customers will stop believing the marketing, resulting in fewer products sold, parts of the distribution function becoming redundant and a reduction in employee moral and efficiency.ReferencesAll about Asda (2006). Asda People. Asda Plc. Retreived 19 January from http//asdacares.gpalm.co.uk/people/people_load.htmlArmstrong, Michael (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page. UK.Price, Alan (2003). Human Resource Management in a Business Context. Thomson Learning, UK.Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing Management. FT learner Hall, 7th Ed. UKBelch, George. E (2004) Advertising and Promotion An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. McGraw-Hill Inc. U.S.Kelly, Sean. (2005) Customer intelligence From Data to Dialogue. John Wiley Sons Ltd., UKBoulton, Jill (2004). Kwik-Fit hires fun guy to keep staff smiling. The Scotsman, Friday 21 May 2004.Edwards, Keren (2006). Keep Fit Scheme. People Management Scheme. UK. 6th April 2006.Caff Nero Strategy and Balanced ScorecardCaff Nero Strategy and Balanced ScorecardIntroductionThe aim of this essay is to design a dodging and two balanced scorecards for a coffee shop company called Caff Nero to acclamation their mission statement. This will be do after conducting extensive secondary research to gain a clear insight into what a balanced scorecard involves as advantageously as aspect into how Caff Nero operates. This will hopefully provide knowledge of potential benefits and difficulties to consider when attempting to successfully implement scorecards for two Headquarter and Store Levels for Caff Nero. In addition to this, for each scorecard, a strategy map is used to demonstrate how each key public presentation indicator (KPI) stands to the boilers suit vision of the company. Finally both levels are then assessed on its contributions to Caf Neros strategy and a conclusion is drawn on the main points outlined throughout the essay.What is the Balanced Scorecard?Kaplan introduced the balanced scorecard in 1992 with the aim to translate strategy into action, he stated,The balanced scorecard translates an organisations mission into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for implementing its strategy. (Kaplan Norton, 1996 p88).Having understood an organisations vision and strategy, the balanced scorecard aids to find creative objectives to dish out measure performance. These objectives can be split into four main perspectives Financial, Customer, Internal Business Process and Learning and Growth all of which combine together to form a strategy map.Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard Benefits and difficultiesBourne Bourne (2007) presents reasons to why once implemented the balanced scorecard can fail. It is beneficial for Caff Nero to be conscious of potential jobs that may arise in the near future when implementing their balanced scorecards. Looking at the difficulties and problems portrayed by theorists and other organisations experiences should present Caff Nero with a competitive advantage. The opportunity of being able to use other organisations failures and theorists advice to overcome the issues presented is valuable. It is particularly important as large amounts of time and currency from the company are being invested into this performance management tool.One potential problem is the complexity of th e system, resulting in unachieved objectives which will affect the general vision and strategy of Caff Nero. Organisations are faced with de-motivated staff as they steer away from the main objectives that are originally assigned. Although, this is a common problem for the majority of companies when introducing the scorecards, Caff Nero is aware(p) of this problem and can therefore take this into consideration throughout the design stage. In particular consideration would be beneficial, in terms of the strategy map when linking the objectives together, so that they are easy to follow and comprehensive for the whole company. As for overcoming the complexity issue, Caff Nero can focus on their employees with training, conferences, group and one to one meetings to ensure that every employee within the organisation fully understands what a balanced scorecard is. Their objectives and how they are being measured as well as how each perspective inter links in achieving Caff Neros strateg y.Drury (2004) suggests another difficulty with the scorecard, he identifies that the assumptions of the cause and effect relationships are being excessively vague as well as lacking empirical support. notwithstanding research has concluded that is it difficult to link non pecuniary data with future financial performance if at all. Caff Nero needs to consider this, as their main objective is to achieve future revenue growth both within the UK and internationally. So perhaps with measures and objectives that are assigned, should be more focused around revenue and financial aspects where possible.An additional difficulty concerning the perspectives shown within the management tool is that it does not factor in other aspects of the business to incorporate customers, employees, suppliers and other environment perspectives. Although Caff Nero is not certified to adding additional perspectives, it could complicate the scorecard further making it difficult to achieve all objectives assi gned and some may overlap with existing objectives.Traditionally, when implementing a scorecard the assumption is, the decisions sit with the senior management throughout the design stage as they fully understand the ins and outs of the organisation. Although this may be the case, it is not always in the best interest of the organisation to design a scorecard that only looks at all levels of the business from a top heavy approach. To overcome this Caff Nero can be smart and ensure that all functional representatives of their hierarchy from store-level to headquarter level are included within the design. This in turn will show teamwork in working together to understand where each individual fits in to the overall strategy in sanctify to meet the companys objectives.Although the scorecard demonstrates various difficulties that Caff Nero should be aware of. Not all is unstable the on-going popularity of the balanced scorecard from other organisations put ups it extremely hard to not notice some of the benefits of this management tool.One important attribute of the scorecard is its use of effectively combining all the separate elements of the company into one simple model, with help from the strategy map. The tool is also able to help employees and the company to understand how everything interlinks and contributes to the overall strategy. For example, looking at how employees from Caff Nero store-level are able to contribute and work with headquarters objectives by improving customer service at store-level in aid to reduce customer complaints for headquarter level at the other end. This management tool is also enabling managers to consider all objectives and measures together as a whole by looking at the bigger picture. Therefore Caff Nero can take advantage of these benefits and make necessary improvements to the represents of the company with cost reductions at headquarter level.Lynch (2009) comments that the real benefit of the scorecard is the linkage be tween strategy and implementation. Most theorists argue that the main goal of the majority of organisations is a form of shareholder value added. Caff Nero should consider this when implementing both scorecards. By looking into both quantitative and qualitative measures within the strategy, they should hopefully determine the expectations of their shareholders within performance measures in their strategy and scorecards to achieve growth in shareholder value.Caff Nero StrategyGrant (2008) outlines various strategies an organisation can adopt when trying to achieve growth. Having viewed this, Caff Nero is more adapt towards a business strategy, as it concerns the company with competing within a particular coffee shop market. To prosper within this market it is important to concentrate on establishing a competitive advantage over rivals.To support this Caff Nero should base their strategy around product differentiation, by providing customers with quality ranges of espresso that is e xclusive to Caff Nero stores, will only contribute to concreting a competitive advantage for the company. It also works on shielding Caff Nero from their prices being levelled down to the bottom part of the price spectrum, due to potential competitive price wars of the same product between their competitors. This is an important strategy to implement as due to the increase of popularity of coffee shops it is likely for these price wars to occur. As a result, Caff Nero can look to improve further, with the quality of their products as well as launching new products in the future as part of their strategy. This can be achieved with product innovation to cater to larger consumer base within the market, hopefully contributing to the growth in both revenue and size within the UK and internationally.Caf Nero is well known for its acquisition of Aroma which increased the amount of sites they owned to 106 by 2002 this made them the largest independent owned coffee shop. The company now has 400 stores operational in various locations within the UK, Turkey and the Middle East. Caff Nero should now look towards the future of the company, by expanding the number of sites owned. Therefore it is important that part of the strategy should reflect in achieving expansion both internationally and UK based. Caff Nero will incorporate this in the scorecard within the financial perspective at headquarter level, as Kaplan and Norton (1996) states that the designing of the strategy of the company is combined with the process of the balanced scorecard. even so Caff Nero may be faced with great difficulty with trying to implement their strategy due to the diverseness of locations they operate in. As it is harder to standardise a scorecard for all site levels throughout the business internationally, as culture and expectations of customers and employees may be different throughout locations. This can be said the same about different locations within the UK. For example Londons object ives may incorporate a faster pace of service to compliment their busy, on the go customers in comparison to another site in a quieter location that may prefer much more of a melt down approach, at a slower pace and friendlier atmosphere where everyone is a community. Caff Nero tries to incorporate all of these elements within the overall strategy.Balanced Scorecard Strategy MapThe next models demonstrate Caff Neros scorecards for both headquarter level and store-level. As well as strategy maps to illustrate how each objective will link together. It is important to note that although the scorecards produced are for the same company, they may differ in objectives for each level, to incorporate all personnel throughout the company. Objectives of headquarter level will focus more on the overall performance of the company, in terms of how they can grow in revenue, size and customers. The model will also focus on innovating products and retention rates of employees and customers. Wher e as, with the store-level objectives will be more centred around individual stores in terms of customer service, delivery times and empowering and motivating staff with training and incentive programmes. Once the spare-time activity scorecards have been implemented for Caff Nero, it is then important to ensure that everyone throughout the company understands the balanced scorecard and where they are contributing to achieving Caff Neros vision. As well as considering how all of the objectives from each level will interlink between the two scorecards. This can be done through training centres, conferences and meetings.Scorecard EvaluationHaving designed both scorecards (Figure 1 and 2) an evaluation will be conducted to explore both the connaturalities and differences presented within each models. Additional to this, supporting evidence will add weight to justify reasons for selecting objectives and indicator to contribute to Caff Neros overall strategy.Financial PerspectiveThe fir st objective shown in the financial perspective (figure 1 2) is revenue growth this relates to achieving an increase in growth in some form or another. To drive revenue growth Caff Nero objectives concentrate on diversifying into new markets internationally and within UK. As well as branching out into new customer markets and increasing the number of stores owned by Caff Nero. Each of these objectives chosen all tie in with Caff Neros overall strategy of expansion of the business in the near future.The key performance indicators incorporated into this perspective help to measure each objective for the company. The main similar measure here is (F1 F4) percentage of increase in revenue growth in the overall company and individual store-level (F5). To achieve these objectives they would have to be based upon implementing bonus and incentive schemes for employees so that they are motivated to achieve targets set. They would also need to target larger segments of new customer markets b y advertising in new locations such as near to universities to appeal to students or offices to appeal to the working customers. However a drawback of this measure is due to the population suffering from the effects of the recession and the economy resulting to a decrease in disposal income. Meaning growth in revenue for Caff Nero will be delicate as new potential customers may not be as opened to trying new coffee shops then their norm as well as life-style changes that will affect the amount of revenue that each store generates. This is why a mark up % was not included in aid to limit other problems such as the affect on shareholder value, as incorporating percentages would put further pressure on the company in case they were otiose to achieve resulting to shareholders expectations to decline.Another important objective within the financial section is (F6) improve operational efficiency, which is reducing wastage costs for the business. It is important to achieve this objecti ve as it saves the company money and better for the environment. This can be done by providing more awareness of how to reduce wastage i.e. not leaving taps of water on just for the convenience element for coffee shops. Being aware of waste problems presents benefits as in turn this will maintain the companies overall brand calculate, which links in will the customer perspective (C3 figure 1) of maintaining brand image.Customer PerspectiveIt is important to measure this objective (C3), as it involves the public with collating feedback and results in cite to how the general public perceive Caff Nero as a company. This objective also gives the company an opportunity with participating in charity and environmental work that will help several organisations as well as portraying a better image for the company. This is with the intention to increase in revenue and customer satisfaction, as customers like to be abstruse in supporting good causes. This is why it was important to incorpor ate this within the headquarter scorecard.Figure 2 also looks at customer retention (C5), customer satisfaction (C6) and customer profitability (C4) as main objectives to achieve. Each of these objectives link with each other, for example if the customers are satisfied with the service and products offered by staff then they are likely to come back time after time. Creating customer loyal will result in increasing customer retention rates hopefully leading to customer profitability. Therefore ensuring customers are provided with great customer service and high standards of quality products will cement this relationship with customers and employees. Where the employees are concerned this is incorporated into the internal process and learning and growth perspectives.It is significant to note that both levels differ in objectives as the store-level is more involved with direct customer improvement as they adopt a more personal approach with more of a face to face relationship. Therefor e objectives will be focused around the service element. In comparison to the headquarters that will look more to indirectly improving service by site quality, reducing complaints and activities involving improving brand image. However one similarity between them is that they are measured by customer feedback in one form or another.Internal Business Processes PerspectiveThe first objective presented in figure 1 is (IP1) innovating products involved, this objective is important for businesses to maintain as their strategy and brand image pride themselves on producing unique high quality products in espresso and food. Therefore it is important for Caff Nero to innovate new products in order to compete within such a popular market. To measure this objective Caff Nero will look at increase in sales from new products in order to measure if they are successful or not. For that reason employee should be aware of the new products that are available by offering them at pay out areas in order to advertise new products, which links into objective (IP4) developing internal product knowledge. This will be achieved by daily staff meeting and work booklets to screen staffs knowledge. Again, this perspective demonstrates some similarities between figures 1 2. Objectives are set to improve on delivery times for customers (IP2 IP5), this is aid of achieving high quality of service to link to customer satisfaction (C6), retention (IP3) and profitability (C4). If customers are dissatisfied they will go elsewhere which will affect growth in revenue (F1). To measure delivery times, focus as obtain comparing where Caff Nero are in terms of the market, as customers will have a certain level of expectations. However if Caff Nero are able to excel over this, it will create customer satisfaction which in theory will lead to more business from that customer. excessively by ensuring there is a balanced customer to employee ratio in each site helps to improve delivery and customer serv ice for customers as waiting times will decrease.Learning and Growth PerspectiveThis area focuses on employees in terms of creating objectives to maintain training, in aid of retaining employee loyalty (LG1), improving both job and employee satisfaction (LG2), increasing employees capabilities in skills (LG4) as well as motivating and empowering employees (LG5). In theory these objectives should participate to maintaining a customer centric focus (LG3).Within this perspective, there are many differences between the scorecards as store-level focus on individual needs of employees to drive employee satisfaction. In comparison to headquarters which looks at overall achieving programmes to assist employee satisfaction, presenting a common objective in both scorecards. To measure these objectives appraisal and one to one meetings are used to assess their performance and how to improve in growth in revenue for the business. Each level is assessed by individual employees at store-level and individuals stores for headquarter level.Olve (2003) looked into how incentive and reward programmes can be line up with scorecards in order to promote realization of intended strategy. This has been incorporated into the learning and growth stage of the scorecards. In aid to attract employees attention, to perform well at store level, contributing to the overall objective of increasing revenue growth for the company.Although there are many differences between the models as each scorecard targets a different audience, it is important to note that they both interlink to together to achieve Caf Neros objectives. As store-level focuses on direct customer service it is important that they get it right to achieve sales, retention as well as maintain a happy working environment for staff as getting these objective help to achieve objectives set for headquarter level. In terms of employee retention, training programmes, customer profitability and satisfaction as well as product innovatio nConclusionTo add up the main points of this essay, it is essential to consider the information available in order to successfully design and implement a scorecard for a company. As statics show that 70% of balanced scorecards fail due to lack of research within their own individual company and the scorecard.The second point was to fully understand what Caff Nero cute to achieve in regards to their strategy, as it is vital to not incorporate everything as this will only present more problems then benefits.Thirdly, when designing the scorecards for Caff Nero, it was crucial to ensure that they were easy to follow for all members of the organisation, as every objective interlinks and filters up the model in a form of a chain. If one objective is not met then this will affect the rest of the model creating a cause and affect relationship throughout the scorecard. For example consequences may lead to losing customers due to bad customer service, lack of high quality products and produ ct knowledge due to limited training.As to measurements within the scorecards Caff Nero tried to be realistic so that they are able achieve their strategy as unrealistic measurements can disadvantage a business, as the costs of implementing balanced scorecards is a large investment to make as large amounts of money and time is needed. It is also important that Caff Nero adopted a trial and error approach so they could keep reviewing their scorecards to ensure they were reorient with their strategy. Overall a balanced scorecard is an affective management tool to translate strategy into a vision.Word Count 3299

Caste System as a Form of Social Stratification

Caste System as a Form of Social StratificationThe caste system is wholeness of the oldest forms of kindly stratification and horizontal though it may be prohibited by the law, the political divisions continue to exist in the minds of the slew leaving more oppressed. in the lead the caste system, India had four groups or divisions already established the Negrito, Mongoloid, Austroloid and Dravidian. It was during the Indo-European invasion around 1500 BCE when the caste system was created. The wordcastederives fromthe Portugueseword casta, heart and soul breed, race, or kind. In this system, the citizens atomic number 18 divided into categories or castes. Varna, the Sanskrit word for color, refers to large divisions that include various castes the other harm include castes and subdivisions of castes some cadences c eithered subcastes. Among the Indian terms that atomic number 18 sometimes translated as caste atomic number 18 jati, jat,biradri, andsamaj. there be thousan ds of castes and subcastes in India. It follows a basic precept All men are created unequal. apiece category or jat has a special role to p put in the society as well as a unique function this organize is a means of creating and organizing an effective society.The caste system in India is primarily associated with Hindiism and also exists among other Indian religious groups. Castes are ranked and named. neighborly status is achieved by birth. Castes are also endogamous groups. Marriages and relationships mingled with members of different castes, while non actually prohibited, face strong friendly disapproval and the threat of banishment or even violence. To illustrate, in a notorious case in August 2001, a Brahmin boy and a lower-caste girl were publicly hanged by members of their families in Uttar Pradesh, India for refusing to end their inter-caste relationship.1The first of the four basic Vedic books, which are considered the source of Indian wisdom, is the Rig Veda- a collection of over 1,000 hymns containing the basic mythology of the Aryan gods. The Rig Veda contains hotshot of the most famous sections in ancient Indian literature in which the first man created, Purusa, is sacrificed in order to give rally to the four varnas.The varna of brahmans emerged from the mouth. They are the priests and teachers, and look after the intellectual and spiritual needs of the community. They preside over knowledge and education. The varna of Kshatriyas emerged from the arms. Their responsibility is to rule and to protect members of the community. They are associated with rulers and warriors including plaza owners. The varna of Vaishyas emerged from the t lavishlys. They are the merchants and traders and those who look after commerce and agriculture. The varna of Sudras emerged from the feet. They are the laborers.Castes or subcastes besides the four menti nonpareild include such(prenominal) groups as theBhumiharor undercoatowners and theKayasthaor scrib es. Some castes arose from very specific occupations, such as theGarudi snake charmers or theSonjhari, who collected gold from river beds.Each caste is sweard by devout Hindus to have its own dharma, or divinely ordained code of proper conduct. brahmins are usually expected to be nonviolent and spiritual, according to their traditional roles as vegetarian teetotaler priests. Kshatriyas are supposed to be strong, as fighters and rulers should be, with a taste for aggression, eating meat, and drinking alcohol. Vaishyas are stereotyped as adept businessmen, in accord with their traditional activities in commerce. Shudras are a good deal described by others as tolerably pleasant.The existence of rigid ranking is supernaturally validated through the idea of rebirth according to a persons karma, the bring of an individuals deeds in this life and in past lives. After death, a persons life is judged by divine forces, and rebirth is assigned in a high or a low place, depending upon wh at is deserved. This supernatural sanction raft never be neglected, because it brings a person to his or her position in the caste hierarchy, pertinent to every trans accomplish involving food or drink, saying, or touching.The Rig Veda mentions how the four varnas were created but it does not mention the concept of untouchability. The idea of an Untouchable caste is not in the Vedas or the law books, which list only fourvarnas.2It is a part of the system that has been created by society itself.Untouchables are the fifth group. They are considered misfortunate that they fall outside of the caste system. In 1950, the term Untouchable was eradicated under Indias constitution, and untouchables are now formally referred to as the Scheduled Castes. Gandhi referred to untouchables as Harijan, which means people of God. Politically active untouchables feel that this term Harijan might evoke pity rather than respect, and prefer the term Dalits, which means, oppressed.Dalits are descenda nts of the ancient Dravidians of India who baffled their language and were subjugated due to the linguistic and socio-cultural oppression by the perpetrators of the caste system. While Dalits in Tamil Nadu speak Tamil, their brethren in other parts of India speak different Dravidian or tribal dialects or languages that arose due to mixtures of Tamil, Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic, such as Hindustani (Hindi).As an Indian is born into the caste system, they are supposed to stay with that caste until death. What a person in each of these varnas can and cant do, is prescribed in detail in the laws of Manu, written by Brahman priests at least 2,000 years ago. The laws of Manu are inscribed in Indian culture. Umashankar Tripathy, a Brahman priest, says, Manu is engraved in every Hindu3Untouchables or Dalits on the face of it live also by a certain mend of rules. The occupations of people in caste systems are hereditary and dalits perform jobs that cause them to be considered soiled and thus untouchable and for little or no pay at all. They are restricted to occupations such as landless farm workers and peasants, and forced into washout clothes, beating drums, cutting hair, cleaning latrines and sewers, working as a leatherworker (they work with animal skin which makes them unclean), street cleaners, and manual scavengers. Manual scavenging refers to disposal of human hook by hand, using only the most basic tools, typically a brush, a tin plate and a wicker basket. Scavengers also dispose of inanimate animals. Millions of Dalits work even as slaves. They mostly have no opportunities for better employment.Dalits live in the most congested and cramped slums in villages, towns and urban areas consisting of huts or ghettos which are damp and cramped. They live in the most insanitary conditions with no access to public health and sanitation amongst open sewers and open air toilets. There are no enunciate sponsored public housing rights or public health rights in In dia. Most Dalits are forced to live in degage areas. Even after death, grave sites are segregated. The beat out housing is dumb for the stop number castes the government provides separate amenities for each neighborhood, which are segregated on caste lines. Dalits are usually left with the worse of the amenities or none at all. Over 85% of Indian Dalits own no land and are dependent on landlords for work or land to rent those that do own land may find it difficult or unacceptable to enforce their rights workers rarely receive the statutory minimum wage.Furthermore, in past decades, Dalits in certain areas (especially in parts of the south) had to display extreme deference to high-status people, physically keeping their distancelest their touch or even their shadow pollute otherswearing neither shoes nor any upper body covering (even for women) in the presence of the upper castes. In northern India for example, untouchables had to use drums to let others know of their arrival. E ven their shadows were considered polluted. In the south, some Brahmins ordered Untouchables to keep at least 65 feet outside from them.Untouchables are shunned, insulted, banned from temples and higher caste homes, made to eat and drink from separate utensils in public places. The higher-caste people do not accept food or water from the untouchable because it would transmit the pollution permanent and inherent in the person of the untouchable. Thus, untouchables are not allowed to drink from the uniform wells, wear shoes in the presence of an upper caste, or drink from the same cups in tea stalls. They are not allowed to touch people from the four varnas or caste groups. They are not allowed to enter houses of the higher varnas especially in which the chula (the small ear soce stove) is located.4In public occasions, they were compelled to sit at a distance from the four varnas. They are also denied education, freedom of expression, and many other rights the higher classes have.Dal it children do not have access to education due to the lack of mandatory and universal main(a) and secondary education in India. Even in rural areas where there may be schools, Dalit children are ostracized, oppressed and stigmatized from attending school. Thus, few Dalit children progress beyond primary education and they are often made to sit at the back of the class. Nearly 90 portion of all the poor Indians and 95 percent of all the illiterate Indians are Dalits, according to the Inter discipline Dalit Conference. Dalit Children are also subjected to atrocities such as sexual vitiate in rural areas, physical handle and murder just as adult Dalits are. They have a high level of malnutrition and ill health. Some are ordained into temple whoredom as a part of religious rituals for exploitation by non-Dalit men of the village or town.Dalit women do all the back breaking work society expects Dalits to do, such as manual scavenging, farm labour, stone breaking, etc., and in additi on they have to bear domestic responsibilities as mothers and wives. Dalit women suffer double discrimination as Dalits and as women. They are exposed to sexual abuse at the hands of the so called caste Hindu men and also men who work or state authorities such as the police. They are frequently flubd, gang-raped, beaten and tortured or forced to walk through the streets naked as punishment as an act of reprisal against male relatives who have committed some act worthy of upper-caste vengeance. Atrocities such as rape of Dalit women in police custody, bonded labour and physical abuse are common in India.The chastity of women is strongly related to caste status. Generally, the higher ranking the caste, the more sexual control its women are expected to exhibit. Brahman brides should be virginal, faithful to one husband and celibate in widowhood. By contrast, a sweeper bride may or may not be a virgin, extramarital affair may be tolerated, and, if widowed or divorced, the woman is enco uraged to remarry. For the higher castes, such control of female sexuality helps ensure justice of lineageof crucial importance to maintenance of high status. Among Muslims, too, high status is strongly correlated with female chastity.Many thousands of Dalit girls are forced into marriage to temples or topical anesthetic deities in south India, often before puberty, sometimes in payment of a debt. They are married to temples under the guise of the religious practice Devadasis, core female servant of god. They are then unable to marry and become unwilling prostitutes for upper-caste men, many eventually being sold into brothels. TheBadiJat is computeed as a prostitution subcaste. Women and girls are routinely trafficked into brothels. Perversely, and hypocritically, untouchability does not seem to apply to prostitution and customers are mainly men from the upper castes.If, because of any reason, there was a contact between an untouchable and a member of the Varnas, the Varna memb er became defiled and had to immerse or wash himself with water to be purified. In strict societies, especially among the Twice born(p) (the triplet top Varnas) the affected Twice Born also had to pass through some religious ceremonies to purify himself from the pollution. If the untouchable entered a house and touched things of a Varna member, the Varna members used to wash or clean the places where the untouchable touched and stepped. A twice born Hindu is a male member of one of the three upper castes who has completed the thread ceremony. The thread ceremony is a Hindu initiation ceremony, similar to a Christian confirmation or a JewishBar Mitzvah. A thread is given to the boy and it is thereafter worn over the left shoulder or around the waist. The thread has three strands, representing the threegunas(qualities)satya(truth)rajas( pull through) andtamas(inertia). Sudrasand Dalits are excluded from the thread ceremony and cannot become twice-born.Horrific and unbearable are jus t a few words that come to mind when sentiment of the abuse towards Dalits. More than 160 million people in India are considered achuta or untouchable. Human rights violation against these people known as Dalits is extremely universal although obviously illegal. Laws have been passed to prevent the abuse of the Dalits and NGO groups have been established to protect these people. However, that doesnt limit the crimes. The enforcement of laws on both local and nationwide scale knowing to protect the Dalits is lax if not nonexistent in many regions in India. Often times, especially in rural areas, where the practice of untouchability is the strongest, police officers even link up in the abuse of the Dalits.Nearly 50 years later, another event gave rise to a mass of conversions by the untouchables. A man from their class became educated, and then dared to try and watch a festival that the upper class men took part in. The untouchable was soon discovered and called a dirty untouchabl e and then killed. When the dead mans family tried to report the murder to the police, the police turned them away because they were untouchables. Eventually the police gave in and investigated the murder, later convicting a young man, but that did not satisfy the people. They were tired of being treated so poorly, and soon decided to abandon the Hindu religion and chose a new one.Other headlines about crimes victimizing the Dalits are as follows Dalit boy beaten to death for plucking flowers Dalit tortured by cops for three days Dalit witch paraded naked in Bihar Dalit killed in lock-up at Kurnool 7 Dalits destroy alive in caste clash 5 Dalits lynched in Haryana Dalit woman gang-raped, paraded naked Police egged on mob to lynch Dalits.Fear of public humiliation, beatings, and rape keep Indias Untouchables in their place. Statistics from Indias National Crime Records Bureau indicate that in 2000 25,455 crimes were committed against Dalits.5Every hour deuce Dalits were assaulted eve ry day three Dalit women raped, two Dalits murdered, and two Dalit homes torched. Majority of crimes go unregistered, because the police, village councils, and government officials often support the caste system, which is based on the teachings of Hinduism. Many crimes go unreported due to headache of reprisal, intimidation by police, inability to pay bribes, or simply because people know that the police will do nothing. There will be no punishment for the criminals no justice for the victimized. Amnesty estimated that only about 5 percent of attacks are registered6Hundreds of thousands of Dalits have already renounced Hinduism, generally by conversion to Buddhism or Christianity, sometimes in mass ceremonies.Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a Dalit leader, lawyer, and politician,famously led several hundred thousand Dalits in converting to Buddhism, saying I was born a Hindu, but I will not die one. Conversion is not a panacea, however, and converts to other religions, especially Christianity and Islam, have suffered continued discrimination. Some converts have lost reserved occupations on the grounds that they are no longer members of scheduled castes and converts are not counted as Dalits in the Indian census.Amidst the oppression and severelyships, Dalits still have social life which is expressed through dance and music. Theyre dance and music are full of fiery spirit, spontaneity and humour without the inhibitions and rigid classical structure that characterizes Hindu music and arts. Dalit songs celebrates life but laments their life conditions, while frankly exposing the realities of life, in a style full of humour and sensual zest, by using simple(a) instruments and vocals. In modern times, Dalit poetry and writing by social and political activists have taken centre-stage amongst the educated activist community.Despite the harsh treatment that the untouchables are receiving, there have been certain attempts to help them. The elimination of untouchability became one of the main planks of the platform of all social reform movements of India. Reform movements and humanitarian acts such as those started by Buddha, Ramanuja, Ramanand, Chaitanya, Kabir, Nanak, Tukaram and others were established but they hardly had any effect on the peoples treatment on the untouchables.7The Hindu state also enacted laws to punish those who rebelled against their intolerable conditions. The social oppression of the untouchables had religious sanctions.The British listed the poorest (principally Dalit) subcastes in 1935, creating detailed lists of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The 1948 Indian constitution, thanks to its architectDr. B. R. Ambedkar, reinforced this classification, for a system of affirmative action called reservation. The concept was that these measures would help the poorest to escape poverty and oppression.Reservation is an attempt by the Indian national government to redress past discrimination. The constitution reserves 22.5% of natio nal government jobs, state legislature seats, seats in the lower house of the national parliament and higher education places for members of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Unfortunately, this policy has not been implemented in full. Less than half the national government quota had been filled in total in 1998 and less than 15% of reserved public domain jobs. An unspoken policy discriminates in favor of upper castes, particularly Brahmins. Dalit representation in university teaching posts is less than 1%.New economic forces, education and patriot movements had different impacts on the treatment of the people on untouchables. Because of new economic forces, railways and buses were introduced, thus, bringing touchables and untouchables together. Modern industries established in India recruited their labor supply and labor market from both touchables and untouchables, who further worked at the machines in physical proximity to one another. The workers also fought together dur ing labor strikes.8Because of education, whether liberal or technical, their economic conditions somewhat change and different sections following different occupations began to merge, on class basis, with groups of other castes following similar occupations. The new bonds were based not on caste but on common occupation and class. This very slowly began to dissolve the mass of the untouchables into groups such as factory workers, teachers, clerks, merchants, mechanics, or manufacturers. New economic bonds between the touchables and untouchables following the same economic activity started weakening the prejudice of untouchability.9Finally, nationalist movements also contributed to the benefits received by the untouchables. For example, the Swaraj struggle demanded the democratic alliance of all castes and communities in India whose vital interests lay in the political independence of the country. The nationalist movement contributed towards the dis stem of old distinctions. The soc ial reformers were moved by humanitarian and national considerations when they crusaded against purely social evils.10The Untouchables is a topic that touches on many sensitive issues relevant to every society not only to the Indian society. One prevalent issue that the Untouchables have driven out is that of being an outcast. maybe many of us, if not all, can relate to the feeling of being unable to belong and just longing to fit in. Perhaps in high school, we tried out many roles and sought the group we most felt at home in. For the Dalits, life is high school taken to the worse extremes. From birth, they are ostracized. They are placed outside of society and seen as less than human. They are given roles that they must play, and follow a certain set of rules for the rest of their lives, or suffer the consequences. In our society, to be treated as an outcast in this manner is simply unimaginable. It would seem as though one would go through life apart from society apart from peop le. It would be as though one isnt a person at all that one would be less than a person less than even an animal.This sense of inequality was seen many times over history, in many different societies, and many are still relevant in todays society. Divisions were brought about by differences in gender, creed, and race, to name a few. Wars have been waged rallies have been set into motion and lives have been lost, with regard to all these issues. With all that has happened in our worlds history, Indias society learned nothing to deter from inequalities problems. The Dalits are maltreated and discriminated against. The maltreatment for Dalit women are even harder hit. Their people experience the ceaseless cycle of poverty.The caste system was built and based on the idea that each caste or jat has a special role to play in the society but shouldnt an individual have the right to choose what role he/she will play in the society? Is the caste system the best way to achieve an organized a nd effective society? It is understandable that breaking away from the caste system would be difficult or something very hard to get used to. India has lived through all these years with the mentality that all men are unequal and there will always be untouchables or Dalits. It has become a part of their lives and is embedded in them.There is very little pressure for change, especially within India it is said that the majority has an interest in perpetuating caste discrimination.11Protests by Dalits themselves are rare for many Dalits, day-to-day survival may be a higher priority.12To quote Human Rights Watch The solution lies in concerted international attention to assist national governments in this important and long overdue work.13If you take a look at our society, even without the caste system, you will see that this never-ending cycle of poverty is also a major problem in the Philippines, and one question still stands, that is, How can one break free from poverty? Poverty is a problem, because those experiencing it, the poor, are marginalized. They can barely afford or sometimes cannot afford basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. Yes, in India, as well as the Philippines, there have been programs, laws to aid and support these people. However, it is in the implementation of these laws that fail to solve the problem.For most Hesperian people, the single action that has the best chance of making a difference would be to raise awareness of the problem, repeatedly bringing it to the attention of individuals, politicians, media, diplomats and above all the Indian government.14The lack of will to change and unity among people (in India, as well as the Philippines) is one important problem in breaking away from poverty and making a change. Therefore, the caste system or these political divisions continue to live in the minds of many, leaving millions of untouchables or Dalits trapped in a world of oppression and poverty.Change is something much called for in the Indian society, in our society, and in many others around our world today. We can study the oppressive Dalit cases time and time again. We can feel disgusted, depressed, and down reading about them, and we can wonder, can their lives ever change? It isnt enough to read and wonder, in order for change, action is a must. In retrospect, there isnt much radical action one can take for the Dalits when still in second year college in the Philippines. However, we believe there is much we can do in the future, for our society, as well as others. In the words of Mahatma Ghandi, be the change you want to see in the world.

The Teapot Dome Scandal

The Teapot Dome ScandalTarryl GarnerThe topic is Teapot Dome scandal. People in the office decided to make a company for oil colour to make more money for themselves. Harding c on the wholeed for a drive off to normalcy, which meant support for the pursuit of private profit. The wad in the office was caught and had to turn the oil company to the navy. The Teapot Dome scandal of 1923 was the worst of many political scandals of Hardings tenure and of the 1920s in general. It happened in 1921-1923. It was the first time that a president that had a scandal.The first person who is involved in Teapot Dome is Albert B. Fall. Albert Fall received approximately four hundred thousand dollars supervene upon for his favoritism. Fall was the United States Senator from recent Mexico and the secretary under President Warren G Harding in notable for his involvement. Albert Fall became the first cabinet official was sent to prison. The second person is Edwin C. Denby. Edwin singed all the lease s Edwin was alter of all the charges he had. Became interested in mines, lumber, land, railroads, farming, and stock raising member Territorial House of Representatives 1891-1892. Convicted of bribery for leasing federal lands to oil companies in exchange for in the flesh(predicate) loans. Fall spent nine months in a New Mexico state prison. Fall retied in major Marine Corps in the United States adjudge in 1919. Appointed chief probation officer in the recorders court of the city of Detroit and in the circuit court of Wayne County in 1920. Resumed the practice of law and various transaction enterprises died in Detroit Michigan February 8, 1929 interment in Elmwood Cemetery. He also was well known as a dancer. He was writer and wrote books. The third person was Harry F Sinclair. Sinclair wanted to be in a businesses into the oil fields, which was in the early phase of their development in the central part of the country. He was an American indus outpouringist and was the founder of the Oil confederation. He was implicated in the 1920s Teapot Dome Scandal. He served six months in prison for jury tampering. Sinclair decided he didnt want to be in jail so he decided to deny all guilt so he can get approve into the oil company to make more money that he lost, which continued to prosper. During the Great Depression, he purchased troubled oil companies continuing to build a nationally network of oil fields, pipelines, and refineries. The fourth person is Edward L. Sinclair. In 1922 Sinclair was the president of the Mammoth oil company, Sinclair was received the rights to the Teapot Dome. He rose from years as a drifter to become the richest man in America. He wants to spend his locomote years in prolonged court battles on charges of bribery and corruption in the famous Teapot Dome Scandal. While Edward Sinclair waits for his second trial, for bribery, Doheny faced a major family tragedy. Edward Doheny was a friend of fall was prominent in the American petrol eum and Transport Company was leaked in the fields in California Elk hills. Edward Doheny was guilty of bribery charge, but Edward was forced to repay $47 million in settlements, taxes, and penalties by the court. The last person was Warren G. Harding. Warren G. Harding was elected the 29th U.S. president on his birthday, and served from 1921 to 1923. At age 14, Harding attended Ohio Central College where he edited the campus intelligence informationpaper and became an effectuate public speaker. He personally overturned or allowed Congress to reverse many policies of the Wilson Administration and approved tax cuts on higher incomes and protective tariffs.Facts astir(predicate) the teapot dome scandal. It was named after rock formation. Fall received bribes of over $400,000 it did not remain as a secret for along time. Greatest and the most shocking scandal in the history of American politics. The Teapot Dome was a geological formation that traps oil underground by the layers of the rocks layer up to form a dome. In 1924, the senate inquiry concluded that the Teapot Dome and Elk hills oil leases had been fraudulent and corrupt. Both Albert Fall and Edwin Denby they had to resign from office because of the Teapot Dome scandal however, President Harding was not involved to have a role in the illegal dealing. Edwin Denby was not fraud but with his helping, the other he was forced to resign from the office. When President Harding he surrounded himself with a group of his old friends that become known as the Ohio gang. Then on August 2nd 1923, President Harding died unexpectedly of a subject matter attack. Calvin Coolidge became president.The Teapot Dome scandal period was from 1921-1923. The First World War ends for the United States in August of 1921 when the U.S. and Germany signed the Treaty of Berlin. New York Yankee pitcher babe Ruth hit his 138th home run during June of 1921. Ruth broke the career home-run record that had been held by Roger Connor for 2 3 years. Seven of the sixteen major railway unions at the time joined to protest wage cuts for railway maintenance workers. At the start of the strike about 400,000 workers walked off the job and while the strike had whatever economic effects across the country.The surrounding circumstances. Fall secret granted to Harry Sinclair of the oil company to see if he had the exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome Wyoming reserves. He granted similar rights to Edward L. Doheny of pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills reserves in California. They all came very rich. Teapot Dome is a geological sport in Wyoming, Teapot Dome named for nearby rock, and you can see the oil company. In addition, private wells surrounded the naval reserve fields, siphoning off their underground deposits. When the news became public in April 1922, conservationists and small oil producers in Wyoming, who objected to the secrecy and lack of competitive bidding, raised a storm of protest. Teapot Dome was onl y the most hammy example of corruption by Hardings appointees. President Coolidge set up the Federal Oil Conservation Board to encourage closer coordination in oil output between the federal government and the oil industry. A company from Sinclair and the rest of the peck that was in the scandal indicating that the bonds receiving good things from the leases.There were rumors where in which couple people in Hardings Administration had bought a rich deserted oil reserve in Wyoming to private interest to eventually payback the bribes toward the company. The senate public do a choice to investigate the Albert fall received not only $100,000 from Doheny Fall also received $300,000 from Sinclair the president of Mammoth oil company Fall exchange it to cash for the use of the Teapot Dome oil reserve. It started with rumors that the members of the administration had purchases some the remote rich land which was an oil reserve in Wyoming to private interests in return for bribes. Some m en in New Mexico had become increasingly suspicious when they noticed fall buying more land and improving his property there, and oilmen in Wyoming and Colorado began to write their Congressmen in protest and for information. At an executive session of the Public Lands Committee on January 26, 1924, Walsh introduced an idea where he introduced on a Monday during the Senate consequence calling on President Coolidge to annul the leases of Teapot Dome and Elk Hills and to appoint a special counsel to investigate and prosecute the individuals of all who were involved in the mater.The effect on the government. Judge T Blake ruled against the government to give the scandal to someone else but the leases were finally cancelled when the United States Supreme cost overturned the Kennedy decision. Became synonymous with government corruption and the scandals arising out of the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Since then, it has sometimes been used to symbolize the power and in fluence of oil companies in America politics. Occidental Petroleum Company took over operations there in 1998 in the largest single divestiture of federal property in the history of the US government. Which currently produces a small amount of crude oil and natural gas and earns approximately $5 million per year for the federal government. Eventually everything was okay the United States Supreme Court decided to get rid of the lease inoperative and the oil company at the Teapot Dome and Elk hills was returned to the government.The suffering of the people were involved in the teapot scandal. Albert B. Fall was convinced of bribery he served nine months of a one-year sentence but after 9 months he been in jail he was released because of bad health. Harry Sinclair was put in prison he served six and half months in prison. Harry Sinclair left prison denying all guilt and returned to his oil business, which continued to prosper. Edward Doheny was acquitted again of the bribery charge, b ut was ordered by the courts to repay $47 million in settlements, taxes, and penalties. Edward Doheny son was killed by Plunkett. Plunkett later comminuted suicide because Plunkett feared that he was going to be sent to prison for helping delivering cash to Albert Fall.The outcome of the Teapot Dome scandal. District Judge T. Blake Kennedy ruled in favor of against the government, but the leases were finally cancelled when Supreme Court overturned the Kennedy decision. Concluded that the Teapot Dome and elk hills oil leases had been fraudulent and corrupt. The federal government brought the trial to federal court in the state of Wyoming to deny the bribery-induced leases to Teapot Dome that fall had given to Sinclair. Congress made President Harding to cancel the leases. The Supreme Court made the leases cheating ruled illegal the charges what President Harding had go against Albert Fall.People in the office decided to make a company for oil for a rest period plan to make a lot of money. When you are in charged you should become a leader and show people how to be a reform person.

Venezuela Essay -- Violence, Murder, Robbery, Kidnapping

Venezuela is a dangerous country, and its capital, Caracas is an extremely dangerous city. Venezuela is a deadlier place then Iraq, with about four times the number of deaths from violence in Venezuela then in Iraq. In 2008 the homicide rate for Venezuela was 48 for every 100,000 people. In the linked States the rate was 5.6 per 100,000 (Llana, 2008). A 2010 report puts the murder rate at 75 per 100,000 (Shooting gallery, 2010). Caracas has become the deadliest city in the world, with approximately 200 murders per 100,000 people (Romero, 2010 US discussion section of State, 2010). That is in contrast to New Orleans, the city in the United States with the highest murder rate at 52 per 100,000 people, and considered the deadliest city in the US (FBI, 2010). In an example of the dangers of just being in Caracas, on August 13th, 2010, Chinese baseball player Cheuk Woon Yee Sinne was struck by a stray bullet as she took the field for a match in Caracas (Shooting Gallery, 2010). The US Department of State, in their travel information on Venezuela, lists murder, robbery, and cunts as problems for travelers. Thieves will rob their victims using guns or knives and they are not afraid to use force. Thieves will charge attack their victims in crowded markets with little worry. Kidnappings are also a threat in Caracas. One type of kidnapping is the express kidnapping that gouge occur at the airport. Victims are taken, usually at gunpoint, to withdraw as much money as possible from ATMs. There is also the virtual kidnapping where scam surveys are used to get contact and personal information on minors. The kidnapper then calls the parents for ransoms without the child actually being taken. A tierce type of kidnapping is the i... ...country (James, 2010b).In order to help with the health care of Caracas poor, the Chvez government has brought doctors from Cuba to Venezuela. The Cuban doctors live with the residents of the barrios of Caracas, setting up offices in novel rooms. The Cuban doctors are not only available to deal with whatever emergencies that should arise (heart attacks, child births, gunshot wounds), but one of their primary goals is preventive medicinal drug (sexual health, the importance of boiling water, proper meal preparation). There is opposition to the Cuban doctors, with the Venezuelan Medical union claiming that the Cubans do not have proper accreditation. The Federation has even won a lawsuit against the government, with a ruling that the Cuban doctors had to be replaced with Venezuelans. The government ignored the ruling, and dissolved the court (Ceaser, 2004).

Gilgamesh and Odysseus: Perfect Heros Essay -- Epic of Gilgamesh Odyss

Gilgamesh and Odysseus Perfect HerosGilgamesh and Odysseus are similar not completely in their physical appearances but also in the way the two of them administer with lifes dilemmas. Although Gilgamesh and Odysseus possess great strength and sharp minds, their own flaws blind them similarly, which does not aid in their quest for what they desire. As part of their zepic character, the gods must race them in order to reach their goals. In every epic from antiquity, the greatest challenge a hero must overcome is not a whale or an evil tyrant but themselves. They wish to have glory, honor, and a place in history forever. Doing something that no one else could ever do again is what a hero desires to do. From Gilgamesh to The Odyssey, epic heroes constantly have to reinvent themselves to overcome their own weaknesses and shortcomings. Each has to learn from their previous mistakes, using the gods? help, so they can implement their dreams. In doing this, Odysseus and Gilgamesh will reach their goals. The dictionary defines hero in mythology and legend as, a man who is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits, and innate(p) of divine or royal blood. He is a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life. In addition, I believe a hero is one to be looked up to and emulated. What is interesting about epic heroes is that their great deeds and exploits all have to do with defeating themselves, so with help from the gods they can truly become heroic. They can only defeat themselves with the help of the gods.The heroes also possess uncommon powers of the body and mind. They are draw as being the utmost in clever and crafty doings but... ...heir journeys or overcome their limitations had it not been for the gods. Of all of the requirements of heroism, being influenced by the gods is the most important. save through the aid of the gods can a character defeat his s hortcomings and truly understand what a hero is. The character must become overconfident and prideful, then, and only then, can the gods step in and break their faults. Finally, the hero either comes to realize how wrong he was or he dies in ignorance. Works Citedhttp//www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=heroHomer, The Odyssey, The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, ed. Maynard Mack, Expanded Edition, (New York W. W. Norton, 1995), pp. 219-503.Translated by N.K. Sandars, Gilgamesh, The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces Expanded Edition, ed. Maynard Mack, Expanded Edition, (New York W. W. Norton, 1995), pp. 13-42